Parkinson s Disease A Progressive Disorder - 1751 Words

Each year more than 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PDF, 2014). That sixty thousand does not include the many thousand cases that go undetected each year. Parkinson’s is a progressive disorder that occurs in the nervous system. This disease affects a person’s movement. Parkinson’s disease develops progressively. The most common first sign of Parkinson’s is slight shaking of a body part. In the initial phase of Parkinson’s a person will experience slurring of speech and an expressionless face (Mayo Clinic, 2014). With time, the symptoms of Parkinson’s exacerbate. This disease is most frequently seen in people over the age of 50 (PDF, 2014). Parkinson’s disease is generated by a great number of reasons. Parkinson’s†¦show more content†¦Another cause can be the existence of Lewy bodies in the patients brain. Lewy bodies are bundles of certain substances among brain cells. Within Lewy bodies a protein termed alpha-synuclein is present (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Researchers say that synuclein is an immense factor in Parkinson’s disease. Environmental toxins can also increase the decay of neurons. A few of the toxins that have been associated with Parkinson’s disease consist of carbon disulfide, commonly found in many gases released from the earth’s surface, manganese, found in iron and steel, and carbon monoxide, which is the gas produced by cars (WebMD, 2014). All of these factors lead to patients showing signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. The most common sign of Parkinson’s is shaking of a patients body, most commonly the hands. With time these symptoms worsen and can become as serious as having difficulty swallowing in the later stages of the disease (WebMD, 2014). The symptoms that occur in between these two stages vary greatly. A symptom that develops shortly after the beginning stage is bradykinesia, slow movement (Mayo Clinic, 2014). This affects a person’s ability to walk or even the capability to get out of bed. Another symptom such as muscle rigidity occurs in numerous patients. This muscle stiffness can arise in any part of a victim’s body. This decreases a person’s area of movement because of the immense amount irritation that takes place.

Is Euthanasia A Criminal Offence - 1266 Words

By continuing to make euthanasia a criminal offence, it is making it problematic in the legal sense because although there is a lot of significant public support6 euthanasia, doctors are still being punished when they choose to help their patients with ending their lives when they choose to do so. There is a Nigerian case which involves R. v. Johnson (1961), where the presiding judge said that â€Å"I accept the fact that what you did (euthanize the patient) was done without thought for yourself but out of compassion for the child.†7 However in the end, Dr. Johnson was still found guilty and imprisoned for murder. This was made on the basis that he premeditated the patient s death. When terminally ill patients show a desire to be euthanized, preplanning the day is an essential part of the process to allow someone be euthanized and medical physicians should not be held against in court for doing so. As long as a doctor a doctor explains the patient s different options beforehan d including termination of life support, DNR orders, withholding treatment and using pain medication, or euthanasia and then allow the patient to make a decision that is independent without any one influencing or pressuring them, the medical professional has shown that they are interested in their patient s well-being as they approach death. There have been polls by Robert Ho of Central Queensland University and Angus Reid and they found that a majority of people in Australia,8 Canada, the United States,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Is Euthanaisa Ethical?1203 Words   |  5 PagesIs Euthanasia Ethical? Euthanasia is a major ethical topic all around the world. Euthanasia is the deliberate killing of a person for the benefit of that person. In most cases euthanasia is carried out because the person who dies asks for it, but there are cases in euthanasia where people are unconscious, in a coma or unstable and can’t make that decision. Some people focus on how people should die without pain and if someone wants to be injected they should be allowed. Other people believeRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Legalizing Euthanasia1662 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Euthanasia Ata Dogan Student Sheridan College Abstract This paper examines how countries around the world have dealt with euthanasia as an upcoming issue. Looking into the stances, arguments and opinions surrounding the issue of legalizing Euthanasia. It goes into detail about why citizens are requesting legalization and also reviews who are the people specifically that chose to be euthanized. Furthermore, it discusses the negative stance and the positive outcomes of this issue overRead MoreLegalizing Euthanasia in Canada837 Words   |  3 Pages[The criminal code of Canada states] â€Å"everyone who councils, aids, or abets someone to commit suicide whether or not suicide ensures , is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.† 1 It is this law which violates the human right to life as well as creates a widely spread controversy over whether or not euthanasia should become legalized in Canada. 2 Legalizing euthanasia would create many benefits for those who suffer from a termi nal illness,Read MoreLaw Morality Essay2211 Words   |  9 Pagesyour neighbor. Your neighbor being anyone who is affected by your act or omission† This supports the idea of â€Å"Love thy neighbor† from the Bible. However there is not always a connection between law and morality, for example not all strict liability offences need a moralistic view: this being parking on a double yellow line. This can be seen as a rule that everyone must follow, that doesn’t lead to different beliefs or theories, as it is simplistic. Durkheim, a French sociologist highlighted theRead MoreCriticisms and reforms or murder and manslaughter1394 Words   |  6 Pagesopinion... There also remains an issue in regards to euthanasia; known as a ‘mercy killing’. Under present law where a D kills a V who wants to die but cannot take their own life; they are to be found guilty of murder; carrying a minimum of 15 years imprisonment. Despite doctors being able to withdraw treatment; Airedale NHS Trust v Bland, and the DPP setting out guidelines on sentencing; under the obligation set out in s2(1) Prosecution of Offences ACT 1985. There are still situations the guidelineRead MorePersuasive Essay On Euthanasia730 Words   |  3 Pages Euthanasia is sometimes referred to a â€Å"mercy killing.† This controversial topic has been debated for decades. Some argue that euthanasia causes more harm than good, and with modern medicine it is simply unnecessary. Others argue that it is an act of mercy sparing a suffering individual from days, weeks, or months of unnecessary pain and anguish. However, there are moral and ethical questions surrounding euthanasia. It could be argued that killing of any kind is murder. No matter the situation orRead MoreDifferences Between Tort Law And Criminal Law1607 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Exam 1. Compare tort law and criminal law by identifying their similarities and differences. Conclude your analysis with examples how each may apply to health care providers who run afoul of legal standards. Tort law and criminal law have one major similarity in that they are both meant to identify wrongdoers, start a corrective action on them while also deterring people from wrongdoing. Their objective entails maintaining the scales at a balance concerning all the events in society. They advanceRead MoreEssay on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia911 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept. Assisted suicide is known as the act of ending with the life of a terminal illness patients for end with their insupportable pain. Unlike euthanasia, the decision is not made by the doctor and their families, but by the patient. Therefore, doctors should be able to assist the suicide of their patients without being accused of committing a criminal offense. This conception is supported by three points of view. The first point defenses the autonomy of people, which covers the right of peopleRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia710 Words   |  3 PagesEuthanasia can be done by veterinarians to your pets when they ar e old and in pain due to a disease, but what about humans? Euthanasia is the process of which one intentionally ends a life in the hopes of relieving a suffering that otherwise would be too much to bear for the patient. It is usually talked about when someone is inflicted with a terminal illness, or an illness with which there is no cure. They will have bouts of uncontrollable and excruciating pain but no way to control it. Many ofRead MoreThe Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1505 Words   |  7 Pageschild of the ill or elderly parent has to decide whether their mom or dad should go forward with active euthanasia, could also cause some issues amongst the family. Euthanasia and assisted suicide is a way for family members and friends to be able to say their goodbyes to their loved one and know that they won’t be suffering for much longer. First, this essay is going to explore what euthanasia and assisted suicide is, and what the laws are in Canada involving this topic. Secondl y, this paper will

Finance, Funding and Legislative Frameworks For Success Assignment

Essays on Finance, Funding and Legislative Frameworks For Success Assignment FINANCE, FUNDING AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS FOR SUCCESS By Submission Finance, Funding and Legislative Frameworks for Success 1. Measurement against the organizations KPIs A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) refers to a given set of quantifiable measures used by an industry, or a particular company within the industry to measure, or compare its performance, in relation to meeting both its strategic, as well as operational goals. The financial statement provided for the Restaurant Group reflects the financial performance of the company during the fiscal year of 2012 to2013. The KPI for financial growth of the company KPI projected a target of ï ¿ ¡500m, while the exact performance of the company during this period was ï ¿ ¡580m. This shows that the company exceeded its KPI financial target. The company equally targeted to improve its market presence by opening new restaurants and serving more meals to its target customers. During the fiscal year of 2012 through to 2013, the company opened 35 new restaurants, increased its like-for-like sales by 3.5%. In addition, the company also served over 43 million meals to its customers during the year, as well as provided employment opportunities to over one thousand new job seekers. As for operational efficiency, the company increased its operating margin to 12.9%. The EBITDA increased to ï ¿ ¡107.8m. The profit before tax increased to ï ¿ ¡72.7m. The EPS increased to 28.0p per share. The proposed full year dividend increased to 14.0p per share. On the other hand, the operations were strongly cash generative. The operating cash flow  £116.8m, up 15%. The company also recorded a strong current trading, with total sales up 10% and like-for-like sales growth at 3.5% for the eight weeks to 23 February 2014. 2. Evaluation of the uses of KPIs in assessing organization performance Using KPIs is instrumental in assessing the performance of an organization in the sense that it sets a benchmark on the targets or goals for which the organization has to achieve. These benchmarks set the precedence of performance for which every company operating in a given industry should achieve in order to be within the profit margin. The Restaurant Group operates in the food and hotel industry, which deals with serving drinks, beverages, as well as meals. As such, some of the common benchmarks considered when assessing the Key Performance Indicators within the industry include the number of meals served, the number of new restaurants or new outlets opened by the company, as well as the amount of revenue collected by the company over a given fiscal year. The determination of the values of each KPI depends on the market forces affecting the sales volumes and purchasing trends, such as the forces of demand and supply, as well as consumer preferences and purchasing habits. Marr (2014) argues that the KPI is set at a value that shows the industry is stable and profitable considering the current market forces and situation. As such, using KPIs to assess or evaluate the performance of an organization enables the company to gauge its performance status with expected market ratios. This is turn pushes the company to work even harder to improve on the areas where it appears to be performing much lower than the set values by the industry on the KPIs. Furthermore, achieving a performance higher than the provided values of the KPIs also enables the industry to concentrate on the areas where it has a dismal performance level. 3. Discussion and explanation of your results As mentioned above, KPIs are instrumental in measuring the performance of these companies in such a way that it considers a variety of key performance aspects of the industry. As for the Restaurant Group, it is imperative for the administrators to consider the four key divisions under which the divisions of KPIs fall, thereby making it sustainable across the divide. The first is the quantitative indicator, which is possible to be measured on numerical terms. The second is the qualitative indicator, which is not possible to measure on numerical terms. The third is the directional indicators, and these are instrumental in specifying whether the organization is improving in performance or not improving, or in a worst-case scenario, making losses. The fourth is the process indicators, which measure the efficiency of the organization in a specified or particular procedure (Baroudi, 2010). Using KPIs to evaluate the performance of the Restaurant Group is instrumental in determining the exact performance lines that the company needs to improve in order to achieve market threshold, as well as maximize on its profit margins. This is majorly because KPIs in most cases follow the SMART objectives when analyzing the performance output of a particular company, meaning that the sought targets need to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant to the business, and Time-dependent. 4. Discussion of the advantages and limitations of the analysis techniques Advantages Some of the advantages that the Restaurant Group enjoys when they employ the application of KPIs in evaluating its performance include standardization, creation of customer loyalty, as well as making accurate long-term predictions. Performance measures have a tendency of encouraging rigid behavioral outcomes thereby eliminating creativity and innovation. This will in turn lead to standardization of manufacturing procedures in order to achieve preset results. KPIs will enable the restaurant to improve the levels and quality standards of its services and meals, and this will eventually enhance the quality of service delivery for their clients, who will gain more confidence and trust in the company and its products (Parmenter, 2012). In the end, the customers will continue patronizing their outlets across various locations in order to continue enjoying their services. This makes them loyal customers to the brand and its products and services. Disadvantages However, some of the disadvantages of KPIs fall under measurements whereby some popular metrics of success are not easy to measure and quantify in figurative terms, such as employee engagement, or the level of employee satisfaction. In addition, the expenses incurred during such measurement procedures can sometimes be too high or a little expensive for the company to roll out appropriately in order to reap the benefits of KPIs as performance indicators. References List The Restaurant Group. Retrieved from http://www.trgplc.com/sites/default/files/file/TRG_AR13.pdf

Programming Essay Example For Students

Programming Essay PROGRAMMING A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software. In some specialized, or dedicated, computers the operating instructions are embedded in their circuitry; common examples are the microcomputers found in calculators, wristwatches, automobile engines, and microwave ovens. A general-pur pose computer, on the other hand, contains some built-in programs (in ROM) or instructions (in the processor chip), but it depends on external programs to perform useful tasks. Once a computer has been programmed, it can do only as much or as little as the software controlling it at any given moment enables it to do. Software in widespread use includes a wide range of applications programs-instructions to the computer on how to perform various tasks. Languages. A computer must be given instructions in a language that it understands-that is, a particular pattern of binary digital information. On the earliest computers, programming was a difficult, laborious task, because vacuum-tube ON-OFF switches had to be set by hand. Teams of programmers often took days to program simple tasks such as sorting a list of names. Since that time a number of computer languages have been devised, some with particular kinds of functioning in mind and others aimed more at ease of use-the user-friendly approach. Machine Language. Unfortunately, the computers own binary-based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. The programmer must input every command and all data in binary form, and a basic operation such as comparing the contents of a register to the data in a memory-chip location might look like this: 11001010 00010111 11110101 00101011. Machine-language programming is such a tedious, time consuming, task that the time saved in running the program rarely justifies the days or weeks needed to write the program. Assembly Language. One method programmers devised to shorten and simplify the process is called assembly-language programming. By assigning a short (usually three-letter) mnemonic code to each machine-language command, assembly-language programs could be written and debugged-cleaned of logic and data errors-in a fraction of the time needed by machine-language programmers. In assembly language, each mnemonic command and its symbolic operands equals one machine instruction. An assembler program translates the mnemonic opcodes (operation codes) and symbolic operands into binary language and executes the program. Assembly language, however, can be used only with one type of CPU chip or microprocessor. Programmers who expended much time and effort to learn how to program one computer had to learn a new programming style each time they worked on another machine. What was needed was a shorthand method by which one symbolic statement could represent a sequence of many machine-language instructions, and a way that would allow the same program to run on several types of machines. These needs led to the development of so-called high-level languages. High-Level Languages. High-level languages often use English-like words-for example, LIST, PRINT, OPEN, and so on-as commands that might stand for a sequence of tens or hundreds of machine-language instructions. The commands are entered from the keyboard or from a program in memory or in a storage device, and they are intercepted by a program that translates them into machine-language instructions. Translator programs are of two kinds: interpreters and compilers. With an interpreter, programs that loop back to re-execute part of their instructions reinterpret the same instruction each time it appears, so interpreted programs run much more slowly than machine-language programs. Compilers, by contrast, translate an entire program into machine language prior to execution, so such programs run as rapidly as though they were written directly in machine language. The first commercial programmer was probably Grace Hopper (1906-92), an American. .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 , .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .postImageUrl , .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 , .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:hover , .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:visited , .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:active { border:0!important; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:active , .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51 .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud53c509a82891e0ad47b538f4d4bee51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Canadian Justice System v.s. Aboriginal People Essay After programming an experimental computer at Harvard University, she worked on the UNIVAC I and II computers and developed a commercially usable high-level programming language called FLOWMATIC. To facilitate computer use in scientific applications, IBM then developed a language that would simplify work involving complicated mathematical formulas. Begun in 1954 and completed in 1957, FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) was the first comprehensive high-level programming language that was widely used. In 1957, the Association for Computing Machinery set out to develop a universal language that would correct some of FORTRANs perceived faults. A year later they released ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), another scientifically oriented language; widely used in Europe in the 1960s and 1970s, it has since been superseded by newer languages, while FORTRAN continues to be used because of the huge investment in existing programs. COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language), a commercial and business programming language, concentrated on data organization and file handling and is widely used today in business. BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed at Dartmouth College in the early 1960s for use by nonprofessional computer users. The language came into almost universal use with the microcomputer explosion of the 1970s and 1980s. Condemned as slow, inefficient, and inelegant by its detractors, BASIC is nevertheless simple to learn and easy to use. Because many early microcomputers were sold with BASIC built into the hardware (in ROM memory) the language rapidly came into widespread use. As a very simple example of a BASIC program, consider the addition of the numbers 1 and 2, and the display of the result. This is written as follows (the numerals 10-40 are line numbers): 10 A=120 B=230 C=A+B40 Print CAlthough hundreds of different computer languages and variants exist, several others deserve mention. PASCAL, originally designed as a teaching tool, is now one of the most popular microcomputer languages. LOGO was developed to introduce children to computers. C, a language Bell Laboratories designed in the 1970s, is widely used in developing systems programs, such as language translators. LISP and PROLOG are widely used in artifical intelligence (q. v.) . Computers and Internet